Compound Interest: How Starting Early Supercharges Your Retirement Plan

We are committed to helping our employees prepare for a successful retirement by offering several retirement savings plan options, along with tools and resources to help you reach your goals.

Most benefit-eligible employees are enrolled in the 403(b) Base Retirement Program, which consists of a 5% employee contribution of your eligible compensation and a generous university matching contribution of 10%. That’s an immediate two-for-one match of your investment for a total contribution of 15%. While this provides a great foundation, you may want to consider additional savings options. MSU also offers two additional savings accounts: the 403(b) Supplemental Retirement Program and the 457(b) Deferred Compensation Plan.

How to Make a Retirement Savings Plan

It’s normal to have many questions when you start to plan for your retirement:

  • How early should I start planning?
  • How much do I need to save to retire comfortably?
  • Which plan(s) should I contribute to?
  • What can I do to maximize my savings?
  • Are my retirement goals attainable?

The answers will depend on your financial situation and retirement goals. We strongly encourage all MSU employees to make an appointment with their retirement vendor – Fidelity or TIAA – to discuss their options and develop a personalized savings plan. Fidelity and TIAA are financial professionals who can provide helpful strategies, tips, and actionable steps that can help you take charge of your finances.

Additionally, both Fidelity and TIAA have numerous resources – including articles, webinars, interactive tools, and more – to help you learn about saving for retirement and other financial goals.

The Power of Compound Interest

For younger MSU employees, creating a comprehensive retirement savings plan may not be a top priority. Between student loans, rent, childcare, and more, it can be difficult to set aside money for a day 30 to 40 years in the future. But the young have a huge advantage when it comes to saving money for retirement: more time. This additional time allows them to potentially benefit the most from compounding interest, which may lead to greater savings down the road.

Compounding interest basically means allowing an investment to earn money while continually reinvesting those earnings over time. The more time you have, the smaller your original investment may need to be. In the hypothetical example below, a 25-year-old starts saving $5,000 annually ($416 per month), and a 40-year-old starts saving twice as much but waits until age 40 ($833 per month).

A visual that shows the hypothetical example of a 25-year-old making $5,000 in contributions annually ending up with approximately $798,735 at retirement, while only contributing 200,000. A 40-year-old that starts saving twice as much, $10,000 annually, will only end up with $566,317 and contribute $250,000.

The 25-year-old ends up contributing less money over time – $200,000 versus $250,000 – but ends up with a higher balance: $798,735 versus $566,317. In other words, the 25-year-old contributes $50,000 less but ends up with $232,000 more than the 40-year-old who waited to save. As this example shows, younger investors may benefit from saving as much as possible as soon as possible.

If your retirement date is a bit closer, you can still take advantage of compounding interest. However, you may need to increase your monthly contributions to meet your retirement savings goals. Luckily, the IRS allows people who are aged 50 years or older to contribute an additional “catch-up” amount to their retirement plans each year.

To contribute a certain amount, such as $100 per paycheck, you can use the calculating tool to convert a dollar amount to a percentage. As you determine your contribution amount, please note the IRS places limits on how much employees can contribute to a retirement plan each year. Additionally, requirements in SECURE 2.0 Act began in 2026, and the new after-tax Roth option is now available. You can learn more on the After-Tax Roth and SECURE 2.0 Act HR webpage or the recent Q&A with HR’s retirement expert, Dan, about the SECURE Act 2.0 requirements and new Roth option. 

Of course, remember that investment returns are not guaranteed and will fluctuate — in some years you may have gains, and in other years you may have losses. But over time, any investment with a net gain will benefit from compounding.

How to Change Your Contribution

While your contribution to the 403(b) Base account is fixed based on your income, you can adjust your contributions to the 403(b) Supplemental Retirement Program and/or the 457(b) Deferred Compensation Plan at any time. Follow these steps:

  1. Login to the EBS Portal with your MSU NetID and password.
  2. Select My Benefits from the top navigation.
  3. Click on the Benefit/Retirement Enrollment and Changes tile.
  4. Select Enroll/Change my Retirement/Health Savings Account Options from the dropdown menu and click Next. 
  5. On the Savings Plan screen, you’ll be able to edit your contributions to the 403(b) Supplemental and/or 457(b) Deferred Compensation accounts.
  6. Make sure you click through all the screens and hit Save to finalize the change to your contributions.

Questions? We encourage you to reach out to Fidelity (800-642-7131) or TIAA scheduling (800-732-8353) for your retirement planning questions. Visit the HR website for additional information on the retirement plans offered by MSU.

1 Please note that the example above is a hypothetical illustration only and is not intended to represent the past or future performance of any investment. The example assumes contributions are made monthly at a 6% annual effective rate, compounded monthly, and no withdrawals. Actual performance will vary with market conditions. Investing involves risk. There is no assurance that the goals will be met or that the solution or strategy will be successful. This example was developed in partnership with TIAA.

2 Certain types of employees are excluded from participating in the 403(b) Retirement Plan. Please see the 403(b) Base Retirement Program Eligibility Chart for more details.

Retirement Planning: 2026 IRS Retirement Plan Contribution Limits 

It’s important that you continue to monitor and adjust how much you’re saving if you want to have a comfortable retirement, whether that’s around the corner or 30+ years from now. The IRS places limits on how much employees can contribute to a retirement plan each year and recently announced the retirement plan limits for 2026.  

In addition to new contribution limits, requirements in SECURE 2.0 Act begin, and the new after-tax Roth option is now available. You can learn more on the After-Tax Roth and SECURE 2.0 Act HR webpage or the recent Q&A with HR’s retirement expert, Dan, about the SECURE Act 2.0 requirements and new Roth option.  

Review the 2026 IRS retirement contribution limits below: 

  • The contribution limits for the 403(b) Supplemental (either pre-tax and/or after-tax Roth) and the 457(b) Deferred Compensation (either pre-tax and/or after-tax Roth) accounts are $24,500 each.  
    • The combined contribution limit for the 403(b) Supplemental (combined pre-tax and after-tax Roth) options cannot exceed $24,500, and is reduced by any Voluntary 403(b) Base employee contributions. 
    • The contribution limit for the 457(b) Deferred Comp. (combined pre-tax and after-tax Roth) is separate from the 403(b) plans, so you may contribute $24,500 to both the 457(b) and 403(b) plans. 
  • Individuals aged 50-59 or 64+ can contribute an additional $8,000 catch-up contribution separately to both the 403(b) Supplemental and the 457(b) Deferred Compensation accounts (and they can be pre-tax or after-tax Roth).  
    • Those who earned more than $150,000 in 2025 must make the 2026 catch-up contributions as after-tax Roth per the federal SECURE 2.0 Act.  
  • Individuals aged 60-63 can contribute an additional $11,250 catch-up contribution separately to the 403(b) Supplemental and the 457(b) Deferred Compensation accounts (and they can be pre-tax or after-tax Roth).  
    • Those who earned more than $150,000 in 2025 must make the 2026 catch-up contributions as after-tax Roth per the federal SECURE 2.0 Act. 
  • Since contributions to the 403(b) Base Retirement Program can only be 5%, the limit is 5% of their eligible pay up to the IRS salary limit. 

The following chart also shares the 2026 IRS retirement plan contribution limits and the SECURE 2.0 Act requirements. 

2026 IRS Retirement Plan Contribution Limits
Retirement PlanEligibility Criteria1Standard Contribution LimitCatch-up Contribution LimitTotal Contribution Limit for 2026
403(b) Supplemental
(contributions can be pre-tax or after-tax Roth unless noted otherwise. The standard contribution amount is reduced by any Voluntary 403(b) Base employee contribution)
Under 50Earned less than $150,000$24,500N/A$24,500
Earned more than $150,000
Age 50-59Earned less than $150,000$24,500$8,000$32,500
Earned more than $150,000You must make your catch-up contributions (up to $8,000) as after-tax Roth.$32,500
Age 60-63Earned less than $150,000$24,500$11,250$35,750
Earned more than $150,000You must make your catch-up contributions (up to $11,250) as after-tax Roth.$35,750
Age 64+Earned less than $150,000$24,500$8,000$32,500
Earned more than $150,000You must make your catch-up contributions (up to $8,000) as after-tax Roth.$32,500
457(b) Deferred Compensation
(contributions can be pre-tax or after-tax Roth unless noted otherwise)
Under 50Earned less than $150,000$24,500N/A$24,500
Earned more than $150,000
Age 50-59Earned less than $150,000$24,500$8,000$32,500
Earned more than $150,000You must make your catch-up contributions (up to $11,250) as after-tax Roth.$32,500
Age 60-63Earned less than $150,000$24,500$11,250$35,750
Earned more than $150,000You must make your catch-up contributions (up to $11,250) as after-tax Roth.$35,750
Age 64+Earned less than $150,000$24,500$8,000$32,500
Earned more than $150,000You must make your catch-up contributions (up to $8,000) as after-tax Roth. $32,500
Notes:
1. Your age in the chart above is based on the age you will be on December 31, 2026. The $150,000 limit is based on your MSU 2025 W-2 Form Box 3 Social Security wages. There are other IRS limits that may reduce the amounts of the Standard Contribution Limit. 

How to Adjust Your Savings 

If you want to save as much as possible for your retirement, a tool in the EBS Portal called the Max Savings Contributions Calculator is available to assist you. This tool automatically displays the remaining amount of retirement contributions you have available before reaching one of the limits, and the equivalent percentage of your pay to help you spread that out for the year.  

To access this tool:  

  1. Login to the EBS Portal with your MSU NetID and password.  
  2. Click the My Benefits tab at the top.  
  3. Click the Benefit/Retirement tile.  
  4. Select Enroll/Change my Retirement/Health Savings Account Options in the drop-down menu and then click Next in the bottom right.  
  5. Navigate in the bar graph to the Savings Plans screen by clicking Next in the bottom right.  
  6. The Max Savings Contributions Calculator screen will display. This display will automatically show the remaining amount of retirement contributions you have available (if any) before reaching the IRS limit.  
  7. You can adjust the percentage of your contributions to any retirement plans you participate in by clicking on the pencil icon and then choosing Select to make the change.  
  8. If you want to enroll in a new plan account type (including new after-tax Roth options), begin by clicking on the paper icon next to the plan type and vendor of your choosing, and then enter the percentage of your new contribution and choose Select to enroll.  
  9. Make sure to click on Save in the bottom right to complete and save any changes/enrollments.  

If you are an academic year faculty or academic staff employee, or a Voluntary 403(b) Base participant aged 50 and over, contact the HR Solutions Center at 517-353-4434 or SolutionsCenter@hr.msu.edu for further assistance in calculating your maximum contribution percentage.  

Learn More About MSU’s Retirement Plans  

The â€ŻHR website  also contains a wealth of information about the different types of retirement plans offered, retirement investment vendors, and planning tools available.  You can learn more on the After-Tax Roth and SECURE 2.0 Act HR webpage or the recent Q&A with HR’s retirement expert, Dan, about the SECURE Act 2.0 requirements and new Roth option.  

Your Top Questions About MSU’s Optional Retirement Plans

Whether this is your first job out of school, or you’ve been working for 40+ years, it’s important to make sure you’re taking advantage of every opportunity to prepare for your eventual retirement. Most benefit-eligible employees* are aware of and enrolled in the 403(b) Base Retirement Program (BRP) offered by MSU, which consists of a 5% employee contribution of your eligible compensation and a generous university matching contribution of 10% – an immediate two for one match of your investment – for a total contribution of 15%. While this provides a great foundation for your retirement savings, most employees will eventually want to consider additional savings options for their retirement.

In addition to the BRP, eligible employees also have the option of enrolling in two additional retirement programs: the 403(b) Supplemental Retirement Program and the 457(b) Deferred Compensation Plan. Enrollment in one or both optional programs can help employees meet their retirement savings goals so they can more easily transition to retirement.

We’ve compiled a list of the top questions we receive as employees think about enrolling in these optional plans:

  • Q: Is there a minimum amount that must be contributed to one of the optional plans? What about a maximum amount?

    A: Employees may elect any percentage contribution, as all contributions are based on a percentage of eligible pay. For example, 1.50% would be an acceptable contribution election. Employees wishing to contribute a certain amount, such as $100 per paycheck, can use the calculating tool for converting a dollar amount to a percentage.

    Maximum contribution amounts are set by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) each year. Information on current IRS limits, including Age 50 Catch-up contributions, can be reviewed at maximizing your retirement plan contributions.
  • Q: Does contributing a small amount – such as $25 a month – make a difference in the long run?

    A: We encourage employees to work with their financial advisors or retirement vendors for assistance in deciding how much more to contribute. You may be surprised how a small contribution over a long period of time can impact your retirement account balance and may want to take advantage of compounding earnings as you save for retirement.
  • Q: What are the main differences between the 403(b) Supplemental and the 457(b) Deferred Compensation Plan?

    A: Generally, the differences are when an individual can access the funds and the loan provisions. Also, the 403(b) Supplemental contributions must be added with the Voluntary 403(b) Base contributions when calculating the IRS maximum contributions, whereas the 457(b) Deferred Compensation Plan has a separate IRS maximum limit. A more detailed comparison of the two different optional accounts can be found in the Retirement Plans Comparison chart.
  • Q: Can I enroll in an optional retirement plan account at any time?

    A: Yes, retirement plan elections can be made at any time. This includes beginning or canceling enrollment, increasing or decreasing contribution percentages, and changing vendors. Depending on payroll schedules and deadlines there may be a delay when the contributions start/stop. More detailed information can be found on the HR website at Enroll or Make Changes to Retirement Plans.

For more information about available retirement plans from MSU, please review the retirement resources on the HR website and the MSU Retirement Plans Enrollment Guide. Find instructions to enroll in these optional retirement plans at any time throughout the year. Please contact the HR Solutions Center with any questions at SolutionsCenter@hr.msu.edu or 517-353-4434.

*Note: Certain types of employees are excluded from participating in the 403(b) Retirement Plan. Please see the 403(b) Base Retirement Program Eligibility Chart for more detail.